PEER PePPes
PEER PePPes (INA-201) : Implementing a Combination of Clinical Parameters (Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs), Biomarkers, and Standard of Care Procedures (SoCs)) for the Etiology Diagnoses
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03366454
Collaborator: PEER Health Grant (National Academy of Sciences (NAS))
Status: Completed
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03366454
The PEER-PePPeS prospective observational cohort study enrolled 188 children between 2 months old and 5 years old who were hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia during the period of July 2017 to September 2019. Participants were assessed at enrollment and followed daily for up to 14 days. Demographic information, medical histories, clinical data, treatments, and potential risk factors for pneumonia were captured. Blood, urine, and respiratory specimens were collected for local and centralized testing, including cultures, molecular tests, and serology for known viruses and bacteria. Among the participants, 25.5% had bacterial mono-infections, 16.5% had viral mono-infections, 40.4% had mixed pathogen infections, and 17.6% had no identified cause of pneumonia. The most commonly identified pathogen was Haemophilus influenzae non-type B, followed by respiratory syncytial virus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Associated Publications:
- Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalised children in Indonesia: a multicentre, prospective study. BMJ Open. 2022 Jun 21;12(6):e057957. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057957. PMID: 35728910.
- Epidemiologic, clinical, and serum markers may improve discrimination between bacterial and viral etiologies of childhood pneumonia. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 May 18;10:1140100. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1140100. PMID: 37275364.
- Approach to Identifying Causative Pathogens of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children Using Culture, Molecular, and Serology Tests. Front Pediatr. 2021 May 28;9:629318. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.629318. PMID: 34123961.
Associated Biorepository
| Specimen Type | Baseline | Day 14 | ||||||
| Viral | Bact. | Dual | Non-ID’d | Viral | Bact. | Dual | Non-ID’d | |
| Sputum (isolate) | 19 | 36 | 62 | 15 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Sputum (induced) | 24 | 41 | 68 | 21 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Swab (NP) | 31 | 48 | 75 | 32 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Whole Blood | 24 | 32 | 66 | 27 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Serum | 24 | 37 | 65 | 27 | 17 | 27 | 52 | 15 |
| Urine | 24 | 37 | 67 | 27 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Pathogens | Baseline | Day 14 | |||||
| Sputum (induced) | Sputum (isolate) | Swab (NP) | Whole blood | Serum | Urine | Serum | |
| Coronavirus NL63 | 2 | N/A | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | N/A |
| Enterovirus | 1 | N/A | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A |
| Human metapneumovirus | 2 | N/A | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Influenza B | 2 | N/A | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Influenza A/H1 pdm | 3 | N/A | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Parainfluenza virus 4 | 1 | N/A | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A |
| RSV A | 1 | N/A | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| RSV B | 8 | N/A | 11 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 5 |
| Mixed virus | 4 | N/A | 6 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 6 |
| A. baumanii | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| E. coli | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| H. influenza non b | 6 | 5 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 5 | 7 |
| K. pneumoniae | 4 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 |
| S. aureus | 5 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
| S. pneumoniae | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Mixed bacteria | 21 | 18 | 23 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 12 |
| Mixed bacteria + virus | 68 | 62 | 75 | 66 | 65 | 67 | 52 |
| Unknown | 20 | N/A | 32 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 16 |