By: I Wayan Adi Pranata, Adhella Menur Why do we need preventive HIV vaccines? Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus infecting the host immune system, particularly the CD4/ T-cell lymphocytes. It is classified into two main types: HIV-1 and HIV-2, which HIV-1 is more prevalent worldwide. Due to the obliterated immune cells, people living
Read moreBy: Syndi Siahaan, Nurul Hidayah, Hafsah Amalia, Adhella Menur A cross-sectional study is an observational study in which all data from each subject is collected at a single point in time. It is considered more affordable and feasible than longitudinal studies, as it does not require following patients over time. Traditionally, a cross-sectional study has
Read moreBy: Ivana Yulian Hendarsin, Cintya Naya Danastri, Adhella Menur The blaze of syphilis amidst the HIV epidemic Syphilis, an age-old sexually transmitted disease (STD), has a history marked by stigma and blame. The disease became an outbreak among French soldiers during their invasion of Naples in the first Italian Wars in 1495, two years after
Read moreBy: Putri Permata Sari, Titin Dani Martiwi, Adhella Menur Brief history of polio, outbreaks, and towards a polio-free world When we hear “polio” or “poliomyelitis,” we might imagine a child with a small and floppy, one-sided leg, emblematic of the spectrum of disabilities caused by poliovirus infection that has plagued humanity since ancient times. Evidence
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